Young samurai training in the Nishinkan in Aizu-Wakamatsu were trained in the fighting arts (swordwork, archery, unarmed combat, battle stategy etc) but also in astronomy, philosophy, etiquette, shodo and sometimes flower arranging!
Purhaps the most famous samurai was Miyamoto Musashi who fought more than 60 duels in his life and lost none.
On at least two occasions he fought whole schools of martial artists at the same time and won!
He wrote a famous book called "Go Rin No Sho" ("The Book of Five Rings" on the art of fighting which is a reference book for martial artists and business people alike until this day.
It is valued for the wisdoms on strategy and mindset.

If you have any experience in old Japanese culture please tell us about it!